This application note’s primary goal is to provide an easy-to-understand primer for users who are not familiar with 4-20mA current-loops and their applications. Some of the many topics discussed ...

Transmitters are available with either floating outputs (typically used in loop-powered applications) or with single-ended outputs (typically used in locally-powered applications). This application ...

Here’s a question for you: when your PCB has a ground plane layer, where do return signals flow? It seems like a trick question, but as [Kristof Mulier] explains, there’s more to return path routing ...