Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Writes about the future of finance and technology, follow for more. Joint probability teaches us to calculate combined outcomes.

Can you predict whether a passenger would have survived the sinking of the Titanic based on factors like gender and income? How do you know if a mushroom is poisonous or safe to eat? What separates a ...

Understanding numbers isn’t just for scientists or students. It’s a skill that helps you make smarter choices in your everyday life. Whether you’re calculating the odds of something happening, ...

Artificial intelligence systems may be good at generating text, recognizing images, and even solving basic math problems—but when it comes to advanced mathematical reasoning, they are hitting a wall.

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...